Alas, if only plants were as straight-forward as lawns when it comes to irrigating. Unfortunately, or fortunately, it takes time and familiarity with each of our leafy friends to dial in the water. But these 6 tips provide a good starting block.
1. Water deeply, slowly and less frequently
Plants vary in their water demands: the volume of leaves is a primary determinant along with plant type (natives generally demand less water than non-natives). In general, though, a good rule of “green” thumb is an inch of water a week. Water deeply and slowly once or twice a week; light, frequent watering will weaken roots by keeping them at the surface. A great way to dial in your watering is to probe into the soil (fingers work great) to ensure the water has soaked down at least 6 inches. Drip systems were invented for those of us who lack the patience to hand water slowly. If you’re not already drip irrigating, strongly consider it – your future self will thank you.
2. Gauge soil moisture
If the surface is still wet from the last watering, hold off a day. Get your fingers dirty and probe down a few inches. If its dry, time to water. If it’s wet, come back in a couple days. Pro tip: use a soil moisture meter if you want to keep your hands clean.
3. Water at the base of the plant and where the roots are
Water from the base of the plant out to the perimeter (roots extend roughly as wide as the foliage). Avoid splashing water from above. Wet leaves invite problems and much of the water may not make into the soil. Apply water at the soil surface and keep applying it until the plant’s entire root ball is thoroughly soaked.
4. Water in the morning
This way, if the leaves get wet, they have the rest of the day to dry out. Avoid watering when the soil is warm. If you can’t water in the morning, evening is second best.
5. Don't overwater
If a plant looks in bad shape, it must need more water, right? Not so fast – the symptoms of overwatering look a lot like underwatering. Too much water deprives plants of needed oxygen, stunts growth and will eventually kill it. For most plants, its best to let the soil surface dry between waterings. And remember to gauge your soil moisture to be sure.
6. But don’t underwater, either
Many plants purposely wilt during the heat of the day to conserve moisture. However, they should revive when the sun goes down. If not, check the soil moisture and water if needed.
7. Mulch it up
Three inches of organic mulch – compost, leaves, pine needles, or shredded bark (not bark chips) – goes far in maintaining soil moisture levels. Makes for a good weed deterrent, too. Avoid over-mulching which can keep water at the surface and away from the roots.
